In today’s knowledge-based society, 21st century skills are considered important for success. As such, the integration of these skills into education systems has become a key interest area for policymakers around the world.

Fluency is often discussed by elementary teachers simply as the rate of words read aloud per minute, although the full definition includes reading accuracy plus voice tone and inflection. It’s an important measure of student reading success, and as students move through grades, poor fluency becomes increasingly serious.

The issue is how we implement alternative assessment in a remote rural setting where learners or teachers face the problem of inaccessibility as compared to the affluent urban settings.